What is Single-Phase Power?
Definition
Single-phase power is the standard type of electricity supply found in most homes and small businesses. It uses one alternating current waveform and typically provides 230 volts in many regions, including India and Europe.
Why Single-Phase Power Matters
For EV charging, single-phase power limits maximum charger output to about 7.4 kW. While sufficient for overnight charging, it cannot support ultra-fast charging. Understanding this limitation is crucial for homeowners, installers, and fleet operators planning charging infrastructure.
How it Works
A single-phase supply delivers current through one live conductor and one neutral. When connected to an EVSE, the system converts this AC power into DC within the onboard charger. Because only one phase is available, charging speed is capped, and upgrading to three-phase may be required for faster charging.
Key Technologies / Features
Chargers designed for single-phase operation typically support 16–32A outputs. Smart load management and scheduled charging allow users to maximize efficiency within these limits. For sites with higher demand, three-phase upgrades can significantly boost charging power.
Applications
- Residential EV chargers in homes with standard power supplies.
- Small offices providing limited charging infrastructure.
- Solar-integrated home systems operating on single-phase.
- Low-demand fleet depots using overnight charging cycles.
Benefits
Single-phase power provides simple, cost-effective charging for most private EV owners. It requires minimal installation upgrades and integrates easily with rooftop solar systems.
Use Cases
Most EV owners in suburban or rural areas rely on single-phase supplies for daily charging. In India, typical home wallboxes operate at 7 kW, allowing overnight charging for vehicles with medium-sized batteries.